Type-writer.



R. A. SPURGIN.

TYPE WRITER. APPLIOATION HLBDAUG. 11, 1911.

Patented Mar. 11,- 1913.

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R.. A. SPURGIN.

TYPE WRITER.

APPLXGATION FILED AUG. 11,1911,

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R. A. SPURGIN.

TYPE WEH'BP..

APPLICATION FILED AUG.11,1911. v 'i @.55 @90 Patented Mar.11,1913.

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UNITED STATES vPATENI OFFICE.

RICHARD A. SPURGIN, 0F LONDON, ENGLAND, SSIGNOR T0 THE HAMMOND TYPEWRITER CO.

TYPE-WRITER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 11, 1913.

Application filed August 11, 1911. Serial No. 643,552.

To all whom it mag/voonc'em Be it known that LARICHARD A. SBURGIrI, a subject of the King of England, and a res1- dent of London, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements. in Type-vWriters, of which the following 1s a specification.

rlhis invention relates to typewriters, and more particularly to reversible carriages for typewriters of the Hammond type.

The Hammond typewriter by reason of the detachable shuttle renders its use applicable to many dierent users, and especially to different languages, since a Hammond typewriter may be used in d i'erent languages which employ vdifferent types by the mere substitution of a shuttle having type thereon adapted to the use of the particular language. ln the luse of the Hebrew and those languages that require the operation of the machine in a manner reverse to that of our language, great diihculty has been occasioned in adapting a typewriter used for, let us say, the English language to its use for, let us say, the Hebrew.

. T l-e object of this invention is to provide a reversible carriage Jfor a Hammond typewriter by the application of which to the Hammond typewriter the machine may be used equally well for the English language as tor the Hebrew, -and whereby it may be operated in the reverse direction was firstoperated.

For this purpose, my invention consists of a reversible carriage which is adapted to be moved by the main-spring and connected with a train ot gears moving it in either one or the other direction, depending upon the direction sought to be given the carriage, and which is so arranged as to permit the ready shifting of the carriage so as to make it movable from one direction to the other.

En the accompanyingdrawings, Figure 1 is a trent-view of a Hammond type-writer to which itf with my improvement embodied therein,

Fig. is a plan-view of the same with the parts removed to show the operation of the improvements, Fig. 3 is a vertical transverse section, taken on line 3 3 .of .F-ig. 2, with the parts shown to move the carriage in direct direction, Fig. 4 is also a vertical transverse seetion'wth theparts shown adapted to` nieve the' carriage 1n reverse direction;

Fig. 5 is an end of' the carriage, racks and roller-bearings, and Fig. 6 is a detail View of the switching-pinions.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts throughout the several figures of the drawings.

Referring to the drawings, and more particularly to Fig'. 1, the base-board 10 has supported thereon the main-frame 11 of the typewriter of the Hammond type, supporting a main-spring casing 20, the operation of which main-spring bringsl about the stepby-step movement ofthe carriage, as is well known. The main-frame 11 has at each end vertical supports 12 which are provided with roller-bearings, one at' each end of a rotatable shaft 14 and comprising a forward roller-bearing 131 and a rearward rollerbearing 132. Y Intermediate the two 4end roller-bearings, a third set of roller-bearings is arranged, which comprise a forward roller-bearing'lland a rearward rollerbearing 15?. These roller-bearings are adapted to support and guide the racks which are embraced by the flanges of the roller-bearings. Two racks are provided, a vertically ixed rack 16 and a vertically movable rack 17, each, however, movable horizontally and each secured to the papercarriage frame 18, which is provided with the paper rolls 19 at the upper part thereof, the carriage frame and rolls being well known in the Hammond typewriter- 'The movable rack 17 is permanently fixed in position to the carriage 18 and the fixed rack 16 is relatively movable vertically in respect to the carriage 1S. It is to this relatively movable feature Vof one rack that the reversible feature of the carriage is due. An arrangement of gears secures the putting into or out of action of one of these racks and a train ot' gears operated from the mainspring moves this rack and the paper carriage when the movable rack is in engagement with the gears. For this purpose the main-spring casing 2O which is a part of the regular Hammond typewriter, is provided at its exterior with a gearing 21; The escape- .ment-wheel 22 is of the usual form and ar rangement known in this style of machine and is controlled in the usual manner by detents23 and -The datent 24 is operated with the `keys in, theme11 'known gman'ner,

.Sages ii roller the ratchet :rod thiifi tio the gein' or inninpinion ont lienee ille 'ori-mire is oioveil Steph u.

is Well iinoivn in this typeot' niznhine,

when. o lief; viriiel a yoke is operated hy the inner end olf the. liqv-lever ond the; volo.-

engigeii it lever which operiiies theilet'eiitV 'ivherel'fy' the. mine. is rziiised to etrili'e ond ietV i. the riitei 'in 'n'.iit'ted to iiioi'e one spore.

iii. li'lhen ihe .iey is :ire o'lerzited. th".` herinner is iiiovod :ind *glie rziii'izipe is. periniiied lo .iiiove iii :i i'lireeiioi. iroin lei't. to right7 one spore V1Cor eiieh operation o' enel; lier. lilithihe movable rfirlc en ne'iiiggj the noon-pinion :intl imiiirspring gen1', (ne .riieli und .'iirri in' niiikiortii iiJ ere moved s ei-lrvweii'g. 'iilie \voi.'l;i1.i' siirlliziee of the teeth o'i tho geni' or moin-pinion' 235i iire on substantially .the lunie level iviiii i'he working teeth of the. niziin- Spring" geni.' 2l so thai when the fixed roel; .iti is lowered from its inoperative position to iis operative posii'ion.I both the noon-spring lnezir and i'he min-pinion are engaged hv the ieeth oif the niovzilole rzieli. The inoviihle rzicfk 17 is supported loyl .means oit ii invoked elboiv lever (it) pivoted to the Carriage :it G23 :it @zich end of the Carriage, having; zi eiirved Cairn-Slot (Si zii. its lo'vvei.' end, ivliieh Slot entei on o giiideqiin 6i. on the mok. 'By the operaiiion of the elbow lever.y jthe in( vvnhle i'iielr iS either raised or loivered in respect to the carriage, since hy the niovenient of The rin'ved slot the guide-pin ond roller rifles on the saine and is therefore raised of.' lowered dependingon the niovenient' olv the elbow lever (it).

l'llhen the rock is in its loiverniosl' nonit'ion ity engages the moin-pinion und innin-:ioring' geni', ivhile when it in' raised. ii i'lirien gained Yfrom theni. lihen it in desired lo iiiove the ('iii'iinge in he reveie. (lii'ef'tion. lhe inoviilile rzirli is rziised 'und disengaged. and :i train of gezirs for ii'n-nspoiiig the di reetion of movement. inehed with the inziinsi'iring' geni' and 1min-pinion and with the ied rock oli the carriage. lierehy the iixeil rack with its enrrizigge islnioved :initio :i direction reverse io 'ilmt when the earriiige was moving; ilroni ir." to right or normally. For iliis inii'pose, :i Fi'i'iiehing' lever Hl-tl ii; pivoted to the iimin-iziiiie iii o hrzielnii il and him secured thereto an :irin i9 .vhiel'i i5 :21e-'cored io :i :ih: tt ilo ivliieh has o flfoi'iiwird pinion liiiiiiiileii io ini'erniitt'enily .'iigjgiigfe the fleur oi" the ini'iiirniii'iiig. 'This Shall' is iiioi'ed in hein-nien 4231 ol tivo niv-righi -f'ltmsifeinfed to he li'niiie o? lin' nmrliine. The iever A"t) is "i 'i il? :iii/l it), like. the ipinioiisi and anni niimihle in liieiirings 5l, like ihe io laiie iifli Stil hearings 51 in iiprights 461, also secured to tglie iniiin shii'lt orf the machine. nern'iedi :ite hoili ends of the lever 4() :in :ii-in 53 isi iiiovii'le/I whieli seeiired io a rod 52 :ind 'ivhieh eonneets willi one end oi o pivoted loi'liingliruer 55, pivoied et. 5G tio the freine of the nmrhine :ind secured by a pin 5S to the rod The looking-lever has o'. ite opper -t'reoend a bent-over part with zi. frio tionioilei- 5U supported thereby, adapted to engage, with the upper )mrt of the movable i'iii'k i? find engage the |mine so as L0 hold the Seine in it` downward position turing he time that the movable riiek is intended to he in. in; operativi'- poeiiion, niinii'ely, engag ing' ii'ith the moin-pinion find :nain gear. Thug h v the operation ot the lever Litl by its lentille eltll `the pinioni,` il :ind t5, :ind pinions tti mid :ire shifted und zit the slime time thev looking' friction roller i5 loroiighiI above the inovzilile roei: :ind ireventzs the saine troni heini;4 raised and heidi; the Sonie in po'- wition. Un the retirivni'nl movement: oi the pinions. the toi'iviu-'d pinions :ire n'ioved ontV ol positive engagement; with the teeth ot' the lined ruoli :ind on the 'toi-Ward movementy 0i the ninions, thel 'forward pinions are moved inlio engagement ivit'h the teeth of the fixed rzieli, the i'eiirivzu'rl pinioni; renmining in engagement with i'i'inin-pinion and iiiiviii-sp1ing geni' zitill times, being only shifted in. resheet to the saine, hilt; not ont of engagement; therewith. The 11min-pinion und liminspring' gear rotiit'o in one direetio-ii :ind any rock engaging therewith would he moved of eoiirso in :i direction corresponding thereto. A pinion engaging therewith would however he moved in the. opposite direction and so the shifting pinionss rotolo in 'the opposite direction. Any raiel: engaging with these shitt'iiole pinions ivoiild be moved in a. direction (wn-responding therewith, and hence, the fixed mel: inoviihle in ii direction reverse to that. o't the moviihle rziek.

in order t'o ohtnin the heneit` of the iension ot' the iimiirniiriiig so iis to obtain :in

eiiiizil force of 'the Home when it; (Balises the .zii'e so arranged :is to bring about the switch ing oi the rneks and the movement of the euri-inge vfrom the direct to the reverse direction when the spring is partially iinivolind. "lliiis is brought about by canning the. teeth. of the 'fixed niek tit about the eentrail part of the some, namely when the spore .hiir shows; the position of the carriage to he about 45, to oe derrensed in their height: to :i slight extent so :is to permit the ready iiieertion of Jihe teeth of the pinion with the teeth of the i'ixed riiclc. Thus by this orrangement' the spring acts to draw the carriage in one direction with an equal tension sind then. iiets to draw i'he Carriage in the opposite or reverse direction with substn- ,with the fixed rack.

remove tially the same tension, which very advanf tageous for the etlicient operation of the machine.

The operation ot my improved device as follows: Assuming the movable rack to be in engagement with the mainpinion and gear of the main-spring and the keys of the machine to be operated, the movable rack and the carriage supper-iii be moved in the direction usual ,z e ci 'typewriter and corresponding to the normai di rection incident to the lijnglish language, namely, fin Then the carriage is move e, responding to the initial or zero position, which, for thefembodimcnt shown in the drawing, corresponds to that position of the carriage when the same is at a place marked 45 on the scale-bar l)l and wher; y the rcduced teeth ot the fixed rari-r in aline ment with the shaft hL the switchingpinion thereon. The switching lever is then operated and the pinions moved into engagement with the fixed rack supported by the carriage, and simultaneously there with the locking friction-roller movedout of the path of the movable ran whereby the movable rack maybe raise-:ll out of engagement with the main-pinion and main-spring gear. Immediately after that the elbow-'levers with the curved slot-s are moved, and thereby the guide-pins and. rollers engaging the curved slots arel caused to tollovv the curved slots andl to be raised upwardly whereby the rack to which the guide-pins are secured, is raised upwardly and ont of engagement with the main-pinion and main-spring gear. The movable rack being thus out of engagement with these gears and the fixed rack having been brought into engagement with the switching-pinion, which transposes the direction otl movement of the main-pinion and main-spring gear, on the operation of the keys of the typewriter the iXed rack will be moved in the opposite or reverse direction to that in which it moves when the movable rack engages the main-spring gear and main-pinion. The machine may then be operated in the reverse direction and becomes adaptable to uses such as malte such reverse direction imperative. lWhen it is desired to again use the machine in the normal or direct direction, the elbow-leversare first operated, and thereby the movable rack is brought, into engagement with the mainspring and main-spring gear and the friction roller moved so as to embrace or lock fh movable rack in engagement with the sari main-spring gear and n iii-pinion, and thereafter the switching ie move the forward pinion out at engagement The operation ,of

` keys of thc 'machine will then move the carriage in the normal direction. it 'wiii be,

noted thatit is essential when trans is operated to posing from the direct direction to the reverse direction, the pinion must first engage the tired rack and then the release of the movable rack be effected, vwhile when transposing troni the reverse direction to the norinal direction, Iit is necessary to engage the movable rack with its operating gears be- .t'oro the pinions are disengaged from the tired rack. ln order to obtain the benelitof the equal tension of the spring in either direction, it isessential thatthe transposition be made when the 'carriage is in a position corresponding to thatl position where the pinions are in alinement with that portion of the fixed rack where the teeth have been smoothed off slightly so as to permit the ready insertion of the teeth of the pinion into the teeth of the rack.

l have shown an embodiment of my invention, but it is clear that changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit ot' the same, since my invention consists in having a fixed and a movable rack on the carriage of a Hammond typewriter,v

and placing into operative position with the main-spring either one of these racks, by means of which andby transmission gears, the carriage is moved in either one or the other direction, and more particularly in the arrangement of the parts described and operated by the switching lever which imparts to the invention a practical operation and a ready application of the invention to the Hammond typewriter.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

-1. In a typewriter having a carriage, the combination of a vertically `fixed and a vertically movable rack on the carriage, a main spring, means interposed between the mainspring and the racks for moving one rack horizontally in one direction, and the other rack horizontally in the other direct-ion.v

2. The combination of a main-spring gear, a vertically movable rack adapted to be engaged by the main-spring gear, and to be horizontally moved thereby 1n one direction, and a vertically fixed rack adapted to be horizontally moved by the main-spring gear in the other direction, when the vertically movable rack is out of engagement with the main-spring gear.

3. In a typewriter, the combination of a main-pinion, a mainfspringgear, means for moving both step-by-step, gears adapted to engage the-main-spring gear and main-pinion, gears movable with said engaging gears, a vertically fixed rack, a vertically movable rack, means for moving the movablerack into or out of engagement with the malnspring gear and main-pinion, and a lever for moving the gears, engaging the?, mainspring gear and main pinion.

ln a typewriter, the combination of a siiieiiy .eiovabie mok, pins on said rack, I wie@ une?, having curved slots engaged by Mie pi mici arms being adapted io raise oi' limer 'hie movable mok.

Th 11 e lxipewiierv, the eon'ibinution 0i a moving' Leib' te;j)-i iyse} gears adapted to engage the iiiuiivfspiing gem: und main pinion4 si'iritf'ts foi' Suid gears, additional gears i" nini feimfls? i vei'ieaiily fixed and o ve1 u lili: i'iiomi'fie mok, means for moving the iiioi'ziiiie i'aeif; iuJo or out of engage-ment Loom with the muiiislning gear, und main pinion, :nd levers foi: moving the gem' Shaft fol Hoving the geen-s engaging the 1111iii.sp1i11g 1'5 gea und main pinion into or ouai; of engagement wlth the ixeci rack.

in testimony, that I claim the foregoing r as my invention, l have signed. my name in pifeeence of two siiigigoribiug Witnesses,

' RKCHARD A. SPURGN..

Witnesses Joim BJQURTAGH, L M\ DoRMAN. 

